Paying tribute to the Munich Massacre victims, visiting memorial sites in Munich today and where to learn more about the tragedy
The apartments at 31 Connolly Strasse today.
The memorial plaque in front of the apartments at 31 Connolly Strasse, site of the hostage crisis that led to the Munich Massacre. It reads in both German and Hebrew: "The team of the State of Israel stayed in this building during the 20th Olympic Summer Games. On the 5th September, (list of victims’ names) suffered a violent death. Honour to their memory".
A map showing locations connected with the Munich Massacre. The red pointer shows where the Israeli Apartment was at 31 Connolly Strasse. The blue pointer marks the "long" memorial shown below. Zoom out a couple of times and you can see another red pointer marking where the helicopters landed, and the massacre happened, at Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base. View this map on Google.
The "long" memorial for the Munich Massacre victims at the Munich Olympic Park. It lists the names of the 11 Israeli victims in Hebrew script and the West German police officer, Anton Fliegerbauer, who died in the rescue attempt at Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base. A plaque in front of the memorial reads in German: "GRENZSTEIN DES LEBENS, NICHT DER IDEE – WÄHREND DER SPIELE DER XX OLYMPIADE IN MÜNCHEN ERLITTEN ELF ISRAELISCHE SPORTLER UND EIN DEUTSCHER POLIZEIBEAMTER AM 5 SEPTEMBER 1972 DURCH EINEN TERRORISTISCHEN ANSCHLAG EINEN GEWALTSAMEN TOD". This translates in English as "A boundary stone of life, but not of the idea – during the Games of the 20th Olympiad in Munich 11 Israeli athletes and one German police officer suffered a violent death in a terrorist attack on 5 September, 1972". Pic: by Fritz Koenig via WikiMedia
Moshe Weinberg (19.09.1939-05.09.1972)
Yossef Romano (15.04.1940-05.09.1972)
Ze'ev Friedman (10.06.1944-06.09.1972)
David Berger (24.06.1944-06.09.1972)
Yakov Springer (1921-06.09.1972)
Eliezer Halfin (18.06.1948-06.09.1972)
Eliezer Halfin (wrestler), aged 24 Halfin was born in Riga in the then Soviet Union and immigrated to Israel in 1969. A lightweight wrestler, he finished 2nd in an international competition in Bulgaria in 1971 and second at a tournament in Greece in 1972. Halfin was a mechanic by trade and he became an Israeli citizen seven months before his death in Munich.
Yossef Gutfreund (01.11.1931-06.09.1972)
Yossef Gutfreund (wrestling referee), aged 40 Gutfreund was born in Romania and attended medical school there, planning to become a veterinarian. But he was imprisoned for distributing "Zionist propaganda", and moved to Israel aged 17. Gutfreund fought in both the 1956 Sinai War and the 1967 Six Day War and was noted for tending the burn wounds of the a group of enemy Egyptian soldiers who had been abandoned by their officers. Gutfreund lived in Jerusalem, was the head coach at a gym and ran an electrical appliance shop. He had a wife and two daughters. Munich was Gutfreund’s third Olympics as a wrestling referee. During the break in at the Olympic Village Gutfreund thrust himself against the door the terrorist were coming in through, delaying the attackers enough so that weightlifting coach Tuvia Sokolovsky could break a window and escape.
Kehat Shorr (21.02.1919-06.09.1972)
Kehat Shorr (shooting coach), aged 53 Born in Romania, Shorr was part of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. As a Jew he was marked for internment, but he escaped and joined the Jewish partisans hiding in the Carpathian Mountains. Shorr was an excellent marksman and participated on raids on cities to rescue other Jews in hiding. He moved to Israel in 1963 and lived in Tel Aviv with his wife and daughter. Shorr worked as a civil servant in Israel's Defense Ministry. Shorr helped to introduce shooting as a sport into Israel and he trained the national shooting team for the Munich Olympics.
Mark Slavin (31.01.1954-06.09.1972)
Mark Slavin (wrestler), aged 18 Slavin was the youngest victim of the Munich Massacre and had only moved to Israel three-and-a-half months before the 1972 Olympics. Slavin was born in Minsk in the former Soviet Union and took up wrestling because he had been beaten up for being a Jew. He attended the Physical Education Teachers’ Training Institute in Moscow and won a Roman-Greco wrestling championship in 1971. Slavin was arrested for protesting against anti-Semitism before and he and his family were allowed to leave for Israel.
Andre Spitzer (04.05.1945-06.09.1972)
Andre Spitzer (fencing coach), aged 27 Spitzer was born in Romania and moved to Israel with his mother when is father died in 1964. He served in the Israeli Air Force before taking up fencing at the Israeli National Sports Academy. In 1968 he moved to the Hague in the Netherlands to continue his fencing studies. Spitzer married one of his Dutch students in 1971, Ankie, and the couple moved back to Israel in 1972. Spitzer was Israel’s top fencing instructor and helped found the country’s National Fencing Academy. His daughter, Anouk, was born a few weeks before the games and she was left with Ankie’s parents in the Netherlands while Spitzer attended the Munich Olympics. He arrived at the Olympic Village (after a short trip back to the Netherlands to visit his daughter, who had been hospitalised) just hours before the hostage crisis. Ankie, who is today called Ankie Rekhess-Spitzer, stayed in Israel after Andre’s death and has been interviewed for several documentaries about the Munich Massacre. Rekhess-Spitzer led a legal battle to get the German Government to accept responsibility for bungling the rescue attempt and this led to payouts for the families of the victims. She said Spitzer had a strong belief in the Olympic ideal and made a point of meeting and greeting the Lebanese team (which Israel was at war with) in the Olympic Village in the days before the attack.
Amitzur Shapira (09.07.1932-06.09.1972)
Amitzur Shapira (track coach), aged 40 Shapira was the head coach for the Israeli track-and-field team and had helped train some of the country’s best athletes. One of his protégées in Munich was the 20-year-old Esther Shachamarov, a hurdles and sprint runner who later became the first Israeli athlete to reach an Olympic final. Shapira was born in Israel and was a short-distance runner in the 1950s. He was a teacher at the Wingate Institute’s Jewish College.
West German police officer Anton Fliegerbauer (1940-06.09.1972)
Anton Fliegerbauer (West German police officer), aged 32 Fliegerbauer was in the main building at the Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base during the shoot-out. He was shot and killed by a stray bullet.
Destination Munich and Bavaria is the best, most up-to-date and entertaining travel guide to the region - guaranteed. It gives you full-colour maps, practical information and top tips on how to get the most out of your visit. It's 227 pages of up-to-the-minute travel intelligence and it can be yours as an eBook for less than the price of an Oktoberfest beer. (read on)
Destination Munich
The following web references were used in the preparation of this article. They're excellent sources of information for anyone doing their own research on the Munich Massacre. • history1900s.about.com • www.thestar.com/munich-massacre-terrorists-helped-by-canadians-in-1972-olympic-atrocity • www.thelocal.de • www.guardian.co.uk/ • www.spiegel.de/officials-ignored-warnings-of-munich-olympics-massacre • www.spiegel.de/files-show-neo-nazis-helped-palestinian-terrorists-in-munich-1972-massacre • www.spiegel.de/germany-maintained-contacts-with-palestinians-after-munich-massacre • wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_massacre • www.munich11.org • www.phillyjewishsports.com
• The previous page of this story has questions and answers, a run-through of what actually happened and quotes from people invloved in the tragedy, including one of the terrorists. Read: Munich Massacre 1972. • Find out more about Munich at Munich Backstory. • Jump from Munich Massacre victims back to Destination Munich Home.
What to do in Munich - multi-day itineraries
Find your perfect Bavarian tour
Munich Oktoberfest photo preview